Experimental investigation of suspended particles transport in porous medium under variable temperatures     

Xianze Cui  Yong Fan  Hongxing Wang  Shibing Huang 《水文研究》2019,33(7):1117-1126

This paper presents a study on suspended particle transport in porous medium with the aid of a sand layer transportation–deposition testing system to determine the kinetic characteristics of particles in porous medium under variable temperatures. Quartz sand and quartz powder were chosen as the porous medium and particle in the tests, respectively. Four size compositions and two operational modes, that is, temperature reduction mode (changing from 18°C to 5°C) and temperature increment mode (changing from 18°C to 35°C), were adopted. The turbidity and concentration of quartz powder were measured under various conditions. We observed a high temperature‐independent correlation between them. Breakthrough curves under different conditions were analysed using this testing system. The results showed that changes in temperature affected the particle transport process to some extent, and the degree of influence was closely related to the time moment of the temperature change onset. Moreover, we found a hysteresis phenomenon in the breakthrough curve under both temperature reduction and increment conditions. The results also indicated that the temperature effect was particularly significant for smaller particles. The typical curves to represent particle transport process under variable temperatures were put forward according to the results. To explain the test results, four factors, that is, water viscosity, adsorption effect, double layer force, and particle kinetic energy, were considered and categorized as promotion or constraining factors.  相似文献   

迦得拟微球藻在不同硝酸钾浓度下的生长和生理生化特征     

袁朝杰  张莹  李涛  李爱芬 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(1):106-115

迦得拟微球藻(Nannochloropsisgaditana)具有较高的开发价值,但对于其活性物质定向积累的研究相对较少。本文以迦得拟微球藻为研究对象,设置3.0、5.0、7.5和14.9mmol/L (对照组,ASW培养基的硝酸钾浓度)四种硝酸钾组,探究氮素水平调控迦得拟微球藻总脂、多糖、可溶性蛋白和多不饱和脂肪酸等物质定向积累的可行性,以及此过程藻细胞的光合生理响应规律。结果表明:与对照组相比,硝酸钾浓度降低,迦得拟微球藻的生物量降低、总脂含量增加、可溶性蛋白质含量和多糖含量降低,然而其总脂、多糖与可溶性蛋白产率的最大值却在对照组条件下获得,分别为0.150、0.170和0.053g/(L·d);与对照组相比,3.0、5.0和7.5mmol/L处理组的C20:5相对含量分别降低73.1%、49.1%和23.9%;迦得拟微球藻的主要色素(堇菜黄素、无隔藻黄素、β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素a)随氮浓度降低呈减少趋势;PSⅡ最大光量子产量(Fv/Fm)、相对电子传递效率(rETR)和光合放氧速率随氮浓度降低而显著降低。综上所述,调控氮浓度可以实现迦得拟微球藻总脂、可溶性蛋白、多糖和C20:5的定向积累,但上述物质的产率却受到生物质浓度的影响,14.9mmol/L氮浓度条件下高光合效率是迦得拟微球藻获得较高活性物质产率的主要原因。  相似文献   

半日潮流作用下悬移质泥沙的运动特征及其影响因素研究     

朱子晨  张莞君  胡泽建  刘建强  熊丛博 《海洋学报》2019,41(6):37-47

本文通过建立一维水深平均悬沙模型，对典型潮流控制的水道内悬沙运动特征进行研究。模型以泥沙再悬浮、沉降和平流为主要物理过程，动力因素包含M₂、S₂分潮及余流，采用湄洲湾2007年8月潮位、潮流、悬沙、底质同步观测资料进行分析和验证。通过三角傅里叶分析，将悬沙的时间序列分解为12个主要的谐波分量，其中主要分量包括:M₂分潮作用下产生的具有M₂倍潮角速度的1/4日分潮项，M₂与S₂分潮共同作用下且角速度为两分潮角速度之和的1/4日分潮项，及水平悬沙梯度、余流与M₂分潮共同作用下具有M₂分潮角速度的半日潮项。悬沙在时间上的平均值受到余流、悬沙水平梯度、M₂分潮流及悬沙起动条件等因素控制。余流导致了悬沙序列中相邻周期之间的不对称性。反映泥沙特性的参量对悬沙的曲线特征具有重要影响，泥沙沉降速度影响悬沙的相位，并影响其振幅；再悬浮有关的参量仅影响各谐波分量的振幅，但不影响相位。  相似文献   

Time‐varying suspended sediment‐discharge rating curves to estimate climate impacts on fluvial sediment transport          下载免费PDF全文

Kuk‐Hyun Ahn  Scott Steinschneider 《水文研究》2018,32(1):102-117

This study presents time‐varying suspended sediment‐discharge rating curves to model suspended‐sediment concentrations (SSCs) under alternative climate scenarios. The proposed models account for hysteresis at multiple time scales, with particular attention given to systematic shifts in sediment transport following large floods (long‐term hysteresis). A series of nested formulations are tested to evaluate the elements embedded in the proposed models in a case study watershed that supplies drinking water to New York City. To maximize available data for model development, a dynamic regression model is used to estimate SSC based on denser records of turbidity, where the parameters of this regression are allowed to vary over time to account for potential changes in the turbidity‐SSC relationship. After validating the proposed rating curves, we compare simulations of SSC among a subset of models in a climate change impact assessment using an ensemble of flow simulations generated using a stochastic weather generator and hydrologic model. We also examine SSC estimates under synthetic floods generated using a peaks‐over‐threshold model. Our results indicate that estimates of extreme SSC under new climate and hydrologic scenarios can vary widely depending on the selected model and may be significantly underestimated if long‐term hysteresis is ignored when simulating impacts under sequences of large storm event. Based on the climate change scenarios explored here, average annual maximum SSC could increase by as much as 2.45 times over historical values.  相似文献   

pH对SPE-HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS检测海水中小分子活性物质的影响研究     

张倩  宋金明  李学刚  彭全材  袁华茂  李宁  段丽琴 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1230-1242

海水溶解有机物(dissolvedorganicmatter,DOM)中含有的生物活性物质在海洋生态系统中作用巨大,但因缺乏适合的分离提取方法而严重阻碍了对其不同组分在生态系统中作用的探索。固相萃取法对富集提取海水DOM十分有效,在用其提取海水DOM时,海水pH对活性物质提取效果的影响很大,但目前针对海水的这种影响尚存在很大争议。本文以天然近海海水作为基质,探究不同pH条件下用亲水-疏水平衡(hydrophilic-lipophilicbalanced,HLB)固相萃取小柱萃取海水中活性分子的提取效率,并使用高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)在负离子(ESI-)模式下检测解析提取物的组成。研究结果表明,当海水样品pH为中性和强酸性时都能获得较好的提取效率,随着pH的降低,提取物质谱的整体响应值降低,但可识别的谱峰数目增加,提取出有机物的分子量和性质差异都更广泛。分析提取物分子在范克雷维伦(van Krevelen)图和质荷比-氢碳比(m/z-H/C)图上的分布发现,中性条件适合提取饱和度较高的小分子化合物,而具有生物活性的带有不饱和基团的化合物及蛋白质、糖类等生物大分子在强酸性提取条件时提取效果和分辨率更好。综合提取效率、有效峰数目和分子组成特征考虑,用HLB固相萃取小柱提取近海海水中的小分子活性物质时,将海水样品pH调节为2较为适宜。  相似文献   

东海内陆架悬浮体输运、通量及季节变化     

刘世东  乔璐璐  李广雪  高飞  姚志刚  王震  韩雪双 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(1):24-39

基于2006年夏季和2007年冬季实测温盐数据和悬浮体浓度数据,分析东海内陆架悬浮体水平和垂直分布季节性特征,并结合MIKE3数值模拟海流结果,定量估算东海关键断面悬浮体运移通量,探讨悬浮体输运与泥质区形成和演化的关系。研究表明:东海内陆架悬浮体分布主要受流系控制,且季节变化明显;一般天气条件下,东海内陆架泥质区海域输入悬浮体净通量约为2.24×108t/a,其中夏半年悬浮体向泥质区海域输入净通量约为52.19×106t,贡献约为23.29%,冬半年净通量约为171.87×106t,贡献约为76.71%,浙闽沿岸悬浮体输运净通量均有利于东海内陆架泥质区的发育。本研究将对东海内陆架泥质区物质来源和发育演化研究提供理论支持。  相似文献   

太湖悬浮颗粒物细菌碱性磷酸酶编码基因的分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

章婷曦  卢小然  魏超  李德芳  秦梦瑶  张利民 《湖泊科学》2019,31(5):1368-1378

颗粒态有机磷的碱性磷酸酶矿化是水生态系统磷循环的重要环节，对细菌碱性磷酸酶编码基因的解析有利于揭示浅水富营养化湖泊有机磷矿化的微生物驱动机制.本文以太湖不同生态类型湖区悬浮颗粒物为研究对象，运用荧光定量PCR技术，探究太湖水体中悬浮颗粒物细菌碱性磷酸酶phoX和phoD基因的时空分布特征，以及影响两类基因丰度的主要环境因子.结果表明：太湖不同生态类型湖区中phoD基因丰度是phoX基因的6~42倍，且二者均存在显著的时空分布差异.6月，河口区phoX（9.18×10⁴ copies/L）和phoD（1.88×10⁶ copies/L）基因丰度均最高，其次分别为草型区、湖心区和藻型区.与6月相比，9月各湖区phoD基因丰度显著降低，而phoX基因丰度在藻型区和草型区则有所升高.9月，草型区phoX基因丰度最高（5.70×10⁴ copies/L），河口区最低（1.49×10⁴ copies/L）.水生植物对phoX和phoD基因丰度具有重要贡献.悬浮颗粒物细菌phoX基因丰度可能被低估.溶解氧、总氮和总磷是影响太湖phoX和phoD基因丰度的主要环境因子.  相似文献   

Determination of suspended sediments particle size distribution using image capturing method     

Sivakumar Ramalingam 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(8):867-874

Suspended sediments deposition at estuary affects marine life in coastal ecosystem. Particle size distribution (PSD) is used to find settling velocity of suspended sediments. In this study, a new image capturing system for size analysis (ICS4S) method using digital camera-based image capturing technique for determining PSD is proposed and validated. Image of suspended sediments is acquired using a low-cost setup developed, and ImageJ software is used for image processing. The PSD results obtained using ICS4S method is well correlated with hydrometer test and the Shen method. The proposed ICS4S method is easy to understand and implement both in laboratory and field.  相似文献   

Modelling localized sources of sediment in mountain catchments for provenance studies     

Giulia Battista  Fritz Schlunegger  Paolo Burlando  Peter Molnar 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(14):3475-3487

A hydrology–sediment modelling framework based on the model Topkapi-ETH combined with basin geomorphic mapping is used to investigate the role of localized sediment sources in a mountain river basin (Kleine Emme, Switzerland). The periodic sediment mobilization from incised areas and landslides by hillslope runoff and river discharge is simulated in addition to overland flow erosion to quantify their contributions to suspended sediment fluxes. The framework simulates the suspended sediment load provenance at the outlet and its temporal dynamics, by routing fine sediment along topographically driven pathways from the distinct sediment sources to the outlet. We show that accounting for localized sediment sources substantially improves the modelling of observed sediment concentrations and loads at the outlet compared to overland flow erosion alone. We demonstrate that the modelled river basin can shift between channel-process and hillslope-process dominant behaviour depending on the model parameter describing gully competence on landslide surfaces. The simulations in which channel processes dominate were found to be more consistent with observations, and with two independent validations in the Kleine Emme, by topographic analysis of surface roughness and by sediment tracing with ¹⁰ Be concentrations. This research shows that spatially explicit modelling can be used to infer the dominant sediment production process in a river basin, to inform and optimize sediment sampling strategies for denudation rate estimates, and in general to support sediment provenance studies. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Investigating the extrapolation performance of neural network models in suspended sediment data   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

A. O. Pektas 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(10):1694-1703

Suspended sediment modelling is a quite significant issue in hydrology. The prediction of suspended sediment has taken the attention of several scientists in water resources. With extrapolation, the forecasting ability of the employed forecasting model beyond the calibration range is investigated. In the present study, different smoothing parameters are used to differentiate the kurtosis of the local critical points (local minima and maxima). The two models used are an artificial neural network (ANN) model and a multiple linear regression (MLR) model for prediction in order to examine the model extrapolation ability. The ANN model provides closer estimations to the observed peaks, being higher than the corresponding MLR ones. For the local minima, the ANN predictions are higher than the MLR predictions. As there are limited local points, all the remaining ANN predictions are lower than the MLR ones except for one point.  相似文献